Suitable slits were provided together with a means of rotating crystal and ionization chamber through known angles. Bragg developed the single crystal ionization x-ray spectrometer which consisted of an x-ray tube source, a crystal with one face acting as a two dimensional reflecting grating and an ionization chamber. Proceeding rapidly on the basis of this discovery W. However, the actual separation of different wave-lengths into a spectrum was not possible until Friedrich, Knipping and Laue showed that crystals act as three dimensional diffraction gratings. As early as 1896 Winkelmann and Straubel had noticed a scattered radiation which was characteristic of fluor spar and later the characteristic x-rays scattered by different elements were studied systematically in a series of classic researches by Barkla. It has long been known that the x-rays emitted from an x-ray tube contain radiation characteristic of the material of the x-ray target superimposed upon a continuous spectrum.
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